REVIEW SHEET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2010-2011
All answers must be in your handwriting. All answers should be in the appropriate box in the column next to the question. Answers must be in BOLD.
What can cells in your body do?
cell division?
pass DNA to other cells?
Use energy?
control body functions. Mitosis RNA yes
2. two function of cell membrane
give shape to the cell, filter molecules
3. two differences between plant and animal cells
Plants have chloroplast and animals don't. Plants have a cell wall and animals don't
4. What does salting meat do? What process is this?
Preserve it. dehydrates it.
5. Describe homeostasis and give 1 example.
Stable. Sweating.
6. How is homeostasis controlled in a classroom?
(temp, light, number of students, noise)
Temp is controlled by a thermostat. Light by a light-switch. Number of students by the amount of desks available and noise by volume.
7. In a food chain, what happens if plants are removed? Insects removed? Birds removed?
Plantsàinsectsàbirds
if plants were removed, the insects would die resulting in the birds dying. If the insects were removed, the birds would die and the plants would flourish. If the birds were removed, the insects would flourish but then die because they ate all of the plants.
8. What happens to cells in salt solutions? Which tonic is this?
They shrink. This is a hypertonic solution.
9. Name 1 disease caused by the following organisms:
virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan
a. Virus- flu b. Bacteria- Strep Throat c. Fungi- ringworm and athletes foot d. Protozoan- malaira
10. What causes the flu, herpes, poxes, AIDS?
viruses
11. How does the earth show homeostasis? (think oil spill)
a property of a system, open or closed that regulates its internal enviroment
12. Definition of diffusion
spreading of something more widely
13. Example of diffusion
put dye in a glass and it will spread throughout the whole glass
14. Definition of osmosis
movement of h20 thru semipermeable membrane
15. Example of osmosis
egg in salt h20, egg in water egg in syrup
16. Which way do diffusion and osmosis always flow
From high concentration to low concentration. To reach equilibrium. Particles are always moving.
17. Why do osmosis and diffusion occur?
To reach an equilibrium. Particles distribute because they bounce off each other.
18. We put food coloring in a beaker of water. What happens?
The food coloring diffuses and the water turns the color of the food coloring.
19. Name 2 ways to speed diffusion up.
Mix and Add More, increase temperature
20. We put eggs in vinegar. What were we trying to do?
To dissolve its shell and see/feel the membrane
21. What will happen to an egg without its shell if:
a. placed in water
b. placed in salt water
c. placed in syrup
A) Same/Get Bigger B) Shrink C) Shrink
22. If lots of water enters a cell what could happen? (Regular word and science word)
Turgid = cell would get firmPlasmoptysis = so big it would burst
23. Name solutions for the following tonics:
a. hypertonic
b. isotonic
c. hypotonic
HYPER-cell shrinks salt/sugar
ISO-cell stays the same
HYPO-move water on the outside
24. Most of the time your body cells are_ tonic
ISOTONIC
25. Look at the three cells. Label the following terms on the correct cell:
hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic
cell getting bigger, cell shrinking, cell staying the same, cell at equilibrium, water going in and out equally, cell that has osmosis going on
its on the board.
26. define the following and label on cell A or cell B:
a. prokaryote: A
b. eukaryote: B
c. nucleus: B
d. nuclear area: A
e. bacteria: A
f. human cell: B
g. came first: A
h. more advanced: B
i. has many organelles: B
j. has cell wall: Both
k. has cell membrane: Both
m. has cytoplasm and ribosomes: Both
27. define the following organelles:
a. nucleus- control, contain genetic matter.
b. nuclear membrane- Double-Layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell.
c. cytoplasm- Clear substance that consists of all the contents outside of the nucleus of a membrane bound cell-- gel
d. ribosomes- Tiny particles that is present in large numbers in all living cells and serves as the site of protein synthesis.
e. mitochondria- 'Powerhouse.'
f. flagellum- Hairlike structure, movement
g. cell membrane- Container of a cell, semipermeable
h. smooth ER- Has no ribosomes, transport
i. rough ER- Has ribosomes, transport
j. chloroplast- Organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
k. cell wall- Found in plant cells, protect, support
l. vacuole- stores water, food, waste
m. golgi- packaging and storage
n. nucleolus- makes ribosomes
o. cilia- short hairs, movement
p. cytoskeleton- skeleton, framework of cell
28. Define:
spontaneous generation
abiogenesis
biogenesis
origin of species
natural selection
artificial selection
spontanious generation-Production of living organisms from non living matter.
Abiogenesis- same as spontaneous generation
Biogenesis- Living matter comes from living matter.
origin of species- Darwin's book.
natural selection- Organisms that tend to adapt to environmenttend to survive and produce more offspring.
artificial selection- Selective breeding.
29. Give key points about each scientist:
Redi
Pasteur
Van Leeuwenhoek
Darwin
Redi- Maggots come from flies, not meat.
Pasteur- Microorganisms, swan neck flask.
Van Leeuwenhoek- First microscope.
Darwin- Evolution.
30. Homo sapiens
What is the first word?
Second word?
genus , species
31. Are these kingdoms or phyla?
Plantae, Monera, Fungi, Animalia?
Arthropoda, Nematoda, Cnidria, Platyhelminthes?
kingdom, phylum
32. Define and give an example:
vestigial organs
homologous organs
analogous organs
vestigial organ:no longer used, like appendix or tailbone in humans homologous organs:similar structure, like whale flippers and human arm analogous organs:similar function, like feathers, fur
33. If you are in the same phylum, are you in the same kingdom? Same genus? Same species?
same kingdom only
34. Viruses must reproduce inside __
host cells
35. Define and give an example:
retrovirus
lytic virus
lysogenic virus
provirus
A. retro virus: RNA virus B. lytic virus: attacks and destroys cell C. lysogenic virus : virus that goes in and waits D. provirus : virus DNA that becomes part of the host’s DNA
36. Name the 2 parts of every virus
Nucleic acid, protein shell
37. What do the following do and who do they work on?
Antibiotics
Vaccine
antibiotics: kill bacteria, not viruses vaccine: give you some weakened or dead virus, you make antibodies, prevents disease
39. If we overuse antibiotics, the bacteria may become:
antibiotic resistant bacteria, antibiotics no longer work on the bacteria
40. Bacteria: Explain the following:
capsule
Petri dish
Streptococcus
capsule-a layer that lies outside the cell wall, protects bacterium petri dish-shallow glass lidded dish, grow bacteria in it streptocococus-bacteria that causes strep throat
41. Are bacteria eukaryotes or prokaryotes? Why?
Prokaryote. No nucleus.
42. How do diseases get passed down genetically?
By DNA (chromosomes)
43. Define:
dominant gene
recessive gene
mutation
-Produces same phenotype in organism -Gene that produces phenotype only when allele is identical -Occurs when DNA gene is damaged.
44. Sweating allows humans to keep their:
Body temperature
45. Define and give an example of each:
viviparous
ovoviparous
oviparous
-Mammals= Live birth (uterus) -Egg inside mom's body=snake sharks -Birds, most reptiles=lay eggs
46. What is a vaccine and what is it designed to do?
Substance that creates antibodies to create immunity against diseases.
47. Put in order, smallest to biggest: protozoans, bacteria, viruses
Virus, Bacteria, Protozoan
48. How many chromosomes in a human foot cell? How many in an egg? Sperm?
46, 23, 23
49. Number of chromosomes in Down’s syndrome
47
50. How can 2 parents not show the recessive trait, yet one of their children shows the trait?
Same (HH, hh), Half+Half (Hh), Same (HH, hh), Half+Half (Hh), Physical Apperance, Genetic code
52. Cross 2 carriers of a disease. What are the % of their children with and without the diseae?
on the board
52. Red is dominant to white. Cross homozygous red with homozygous red. Offspring %
on the board
53. Chromosomes of a normal male. Normal female.
male- xy female- xx
54. If the FBI needed your DNA, how could they obtain it?
Through blood, hair, sperm, fingerprints and almost anything from your body.
55. If a disease is sex-linked explain who gets it more often and why?
The male becuase it only has one x.
56. Why does DNA replicate?
When a parent cell divides to become two daughter cells, it must make a copy of its genetic information, so that both of the daughter cells have a copy.
57. Describe karyotype and why it would be used
The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Used to help discover diseases a person may have.
58. Define: mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, zygote, sexual reproduction, asexual reprodution
mitosis- 2 identical daughter cells with same # of chromosomes meiosis- 2 identical daughter cells that split # of chromosomes from the original haploid cell. fertilization- fusing of 2 haploid gametes, then into zygote (offspring) zygote- diploid cell resulting in fusion of 2 haploid gametes sexual- offspring from 2 parents asexual- offspring from one parent
59. Define dominant gene, recessive gene, give letters.
A dominant trait is visible and dominant over a recessive trait, and is represented by uppercase letters. A recessive trait is hidden by a dominant trait if a dominant trait is visible, and is represented by lowercase letters.
60. What is a double helix?
Also known as spiral staircase, it is the shape of DNA strands.
61. Define biodiversity.
Different species and a lot of variety.
62. Why is biodiversity so important?
All different species eat different things which results in less competition for survival.
63. Why are there so many species of trees, birds or insects?
All species eat different things, repro. differently, live different places, etc.
64. If we build home, malls, parking lots, what happens to biodiversity?
Ruins biodiversity. Animals/plants die.
65. Name the kingdom (monera, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia)
a. heterotrophs, multicellular- Animals or Fungi b. autotroph, multicellular- plantae c. mushrooms-fungi d. unicellular, eukaryote, amoeba-protista e. bacteria-monera f. prokaryotes-monera
66. There are 7 taxons. Name them starting with the largest first.
KINGDOM,PHYLUM,CLASS,ORDER,FAMILY,GENUS,SPECIES
67. Name 10 invertebrates. Make sure they are in different phyla.
SLUG,SNAIL,ANT,WORM,BEETLE, FLY, BEE,WASP,HORNET
68. Name animal.
a. filter feeds - sponge b. enters through bare feet - hookworm c. mollusk, tentacles, suckers - cephalopod d. rectal itching - pinworm e. tentacles, nematocysts, stinging cells - jelly fish f. non-parasitic segmented worm - earthworm g. attacks liver, “big belly” - flat worm of fluke worm h. cross eyed worm - planarian
69. How do you use a dichotomous key?
Read Carefully and examine the specimen and decide which description is the most appropriate. Choose 1A or 1B, NORNOS
All answers must be in your handwriting. All answers should be in the appropriate box in the column next to the question. Answers must be in BOLD.
Mitosis
RNA
yes
(temp, light, number of students, noise)
Plantsàinsectsàbirds
virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan
b. Bacteria- Strep Throat
c. Fungi- ringworm and athletes foot
d. Protozoan- malaira
a. placed in water
b. placed in salt water
c. placed in syrup
B) Shrink
C) Shrink
a. hypertonic
b. isotonic
c. hypotonic
ISO-cell stays the same
HYPO-move water on the outside
hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic
cell getting bigger, cell shrinking, cell staying the same, cell at equilibrium, water going in and out equally, cell that has osmosis going on
a. prokaryote: A
b. eukaryote: B
c. nucleus: B
d. nuclear area: A
e. bacteria: A
f. human cell: B
g. came first: A
h. more advanced: B
i. has many organelles: B
j. has cell wall: Both
k. has cell membrane: Both
m. has cytoplasm and ribosomes: Both
b. nuclear membrane- Double-Layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell.
c. cytoplasm- Clear substance that consists of all the contents outside of the nucleus of a membrane bound cell-- gel
d. ribosomes- Tiny particles that is present in large numbers in all living cells and serves as the site of protein synthesis.
e. mitochondria- 'Powerhouse.'
f. flagellum- Hairlike structure, movement
g. cell membrane- Container of a cell, semipermeable
h. smooth ER- Has no ribosomes, transport
i. rough ER- Has ribosomes, transport
j. chloroplast- Organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
k. cell wall- Found in plant cells, protect, support
l. vacuole- stores water, food, waste
m. golgi- packaging and storage
n. nucleolus- makes ribosomes
o. cilia- short hairs, movement
p. cytoskeleton- skeleton, framework of cell
spontaneous generation
abiogenesis
biogenesis
origin of species
natural selection
artificial selection
Abiogenesis- same as spontaneous generation
Biogenesis- Living matter comes from living matter.
origin of species- Darwin's book.
natural selection- Organisms that tend to adapt to environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
artificial selection- Selective breeding.
Redi
Pasteur
Van Leeuwenhoek
Darwin
Pasteur- Microorganisms, swan neck flask.
Van Leeuwenhoek- First microscope.
Darwin- Evolution.
What is the first word?
Second word?
Plantae, Monera, Fungi, Animalia?
Arthropoda, Nematoda, Cnidria, Platyhelminthes?
vestigial organs
homologous organs
analogous organs
homologous organs: similar structure, like whale flippers and human arm
analogous organs: similar function, like feathers, fur
retrovirus
lytic virus
lysogenic virus
provirus
B. lytic virus: attacks and destroys cell
C. lysogenic virus : virus that goes in and waits
D. provirus : virus DNA that becomes part of the host’s DNA
Antibiotics
Vaccine
vaccine: give you some weakened or dead virus, you make antibodies, prevents disease
coccus
bacillus
spirillum
bacillus-rod shaped
spirillum-squigglely
capsule
Petri dish
Streptococcus
petri dish-shallow glass lidded dish, grow bacteria in it
streptocococus-bacteria that causes strep throat
dominant gene
recessive gene
mutation
-Gene that produces phenotype only when allele is identical
-Occurs when DNA gene is damaged.
viviparous
ovoviparous
oviparous
-Egg inside mom's body=snake sharks
-Birds, most reptiles=lay eggs
female- xx
meiosis- 2 identical daughter cells that split # of chromosomes from the original haploid cell.
fertilization- fusing of 2 haploid gametes, then into zygote (offspring)
zygote- diploid cell resulting in fusion of 2 haploid gametes
sexual- offspring from 2 parents
asexual- offspring from one parent
b. autotroph, multicellular- plantae
c. mushrooms-fungi
d. unicellular, eukaryote, amoeba-protista
e. bacteria-monera
f. prokaryotes-monera
b. enters through bare feet - hookworm
c. mollusk, tentacles, suckers - cephalopod
d. rectal itching - pinworm
e. tentacles, nematocysts, stinging cells - jelly fish
f. non-parasitic segmented worm - earthworm
g. attacks liver, “big belly” - flat worm of fluke worm
h. cross eyed worm - planarian
food, walk, tube feet h2O suction
hybrid
pure bred